Ace the 2026 Dental Materials Challenge – Nail Biocompatibility with Confidence!

Genotoxic mutagens act by introducing changes directly into the DNA sequence. They damage the genetic material in ways that create mutations—base substitutions, insertions, deletions, or frameshifts—that alter the nucleotide sequence itself. Chromosomal rearrangements can occur as a consequence of this DNA damage, but the immediate, defining action of these mutagens is to cause mutations in the genome. RNA transcription and protein synthesis are cellular processes that occur after DNA has been altered; they do not represent the direct DNA changes caused by genotoxic mutagens. So the core effect is mutations in the DNA.